Introduction of the term "trauma" in psychiatry

Materials and methods This study reviews the psychiatric literature in nineteen century when the term “trauma” was introduced in psychiatry. For methodological reasons the papers reviewed were divided into six categories: a) referring to shock and to “shell-shock”, b) connecting memory with emotions like fear or terror, c) concerning hypnoses and memory disturbances, d) reviews of the hysterical phenomena, e) papers about traumatic paralysis and multiple personalities, and f) clinical studies where traumatic cures including psychoanalysis were described.